2020年,一个热词在通信界悄然而生——F5G。

不仅越来越多的通信行业会议以“F5G”为主题,各地在如火如荼的5G建设中也更加强调“双5G”、“5G+F5G协同发展”。F5G究竟是什么?为什么忽然火起来?与5G又有着怎样的关系?

F5G是什么?
来源:华为

与无线通信中的“5G”相对应,F5G是第五代固定网络,是由国际标准组织为面向产业互联网应用场景提出的新一代通信标准。In 2020, a hot word quietly emerged in the communications industry-F5G.
Not only is there more and more communications industry conferences with the theme of "F5G", all regions are also emphasizing "dual 5G" and "5G+F5G coordinated development" in the intensive 5G construction. What exactly is F5G? Why did it suddenly catch fire? What is the relationship with 5G?
What is F5G?
Source: Huawei corresponds to the "5G" in wireless communications. F5G is the fifth-generation fixed network and is a new-generation communication standard proposed by the International Standards Organization for industrial Internet application scenarios.
In the past 40 years, we have experienced four eras of fixed network development, namely F1G in the narrowband era represented by POTS, F2G in the broadband era represented by ADSL, F3G in the ultra-broadband era represented by VDSL, and F4G in the ultra-fast era represented by GPON, in 2020, the world will officially enter the Gigabit era F5G represented by 10GPON (passive optical network technology) and WiFi 6.
F5G has three key features: First, FFC (full-fiber connection). Optical fiber can reach the home, the base station, every desk and every data center, and realize the coverage of 100,000 connections per square kilometer. The business scenario can be expanded by more than 10 times, and the number of connections can be increased by more than 100 times.
Second, EFBB (enhanced fixed broadband, enhanced fixed broadband), to achieve a network bandwidth capacity increase by more than ten times. Nowadays, families have moved towards 10 GPON, with an average bandwidth of more than 1G.
Third, GRE (guaranteed reliable experience, ultimate experience), to achieve 0 packet loss, microsecond delay, and 99.999% availability.
F5G and 5G are both the two pillars of the fifth-generation communication network. On the one hand, F5G is an important bearer technology for 5G backhaul networks; on the other hand, F5G is often oriented to indoor or fixed scenes such as homes, enterprises, factories, and hospitals, while 5G is generally suitable for outdoor or mobile scenes, both of which are applied in the field They overlap and complement each other in application scenarios, and have opportunities for integration and development with thousands of industries. According to analysis, the four major applications of smart home, smart park, all-optical data center, and all-optical city will be the first to reflect the value of F5G.
The development pattern of F5G at home and abroad. Developed countries have long recognized the strategic value of F5G, and have issued strategic documents or plans to increase their efforts, such as the "Giga-Germany" plan, Japan's "i-Japan" strategy, and Singapore's "Smart Nation" "Plans and so on.
The coordinated development of F5G and 5G has also become the consensus of the Chinese government and industry. In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission clearly proposed to carry out "dual G dual-lifting" to promote both fixed broadband and mobile broadband into the gigabit (Gbit) era; 5 this year On 7th, the Shanghai Municipal Government announced the "Shanghai Municipality's Action Plan for Promoting New Infrastructure Construction (2020-2022)", emphasizing the high-level construction of 5G and fixed-line "dual gigabit" broadband networks.
The three major operators in my country are also vigorously developing gigabit fiber broadband. Strategically, China Telecom introduced the "5G+Optical Network+Cloud" information and communication technology advantage resolution bill, China Mobile issued the "Double Thousand Plan", and China Unicom announced the "1+4+X" smart home business strategy; in action, operators It has also focused on the deployment of 10GPON and WiFi6 upgrades.
At the beginning of 2020, China Unicom has completed the largest collection of PON equipment in recent years, all of which are 10G PON. Recently, China Telecom announced that it will purchase Tianyi Gateway 4.0 (1G-PON) without WiFi, dual-band WiFi 4&5, dual-band WiFi6, etc. The total number of products is 27.468 million units. Among them, products requiring support for dual-band WiFi6 function reached 14.326 million units, accounting for more than 52%. This is also the first large-scale centralized procurement of WiFi6 products in China.
Industry opportunities behind F5G According to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, between 2019 and 2025, F5G will directly create 102.688 billion yuan in economic added value each year, and create indirect economic value of 222.303 billion yuan. Fixed networks are ushering in a new era of rapid development.
As a complex system involving multiple technologies, the large-scale construction and deployment of F5G will also drive the upstream and downstream development of the entire industry chain. The application of VR/AR, the popularization of 4K/8K high-definition TVs, and the development of telemedicine services can all be developed in F5G. Get opportunities in the process. According to CITIC Securities, F5G will generate a value market of the same scale as 5G.
For example, in home networks, the deployment of gigabit networks has transformed the network from fiber-to-the-home FTTH to fiber-to-the-house FTTR. Fiber needs to be laid in every room, which will greatly drive the demand for home gateways and routing terminals. Assuming that 100 million households are renovated a year, and each household renovates an average of 1 home gateway and 3 WiFi routing terminals, it will bring about 120 billion market space each year. In campuses, hospitals, hotels, office buildings, corporate parks and other scenarios, at least 20 million all-optical networks need to be upgraded to drive a market space of 600 billion yuan.
On the F5G infrastructure side, authoritative organizations predict that there will be an annual growth of about 200 billion yuan. With the development of the application side, the new generation of optical module technology, silicon optical technology, and all-optical network will usher in opportunities.
F5G's optical fiber network includes two major categories of optical access and optical transmission, as well as related fields such as devices, optical modules, chips, and operating systems. my country has a complete optical fiber network industry chain, including the design and manufacturing capabilities of low-end products and some high-end products, but there is still huge domestic substitute space for the underlying chips, including switch chips, router chips, 100G optical chips, and 10GPON chips. WiFi6 chip etc.
Optical modem chip manufacturers, WiFi 6 router chip manufacturers, Xinhe Semiconductor, Wi-Fi 6 chip manufacturers Speed ​​Semiconductor, AG Micro, optical module chip manufacturers Fei Ang Innovation, Shaanxi Yuanjie, etc. will usher in good news.

在过去的40余年中,我们经历了固定网络发展的四个时代,分别是以POTS为代表的窄带时代F1G,以ADSL为代表的宽带时代F2G,以VDSL为代表的超宽带时代F3G,和以GPON为代表的超百兆时代F4G,2020年,全球正式进入以10GPON(无源光网络技术)和WiFi 6为代表的千兆时代F5G。

F5G具有三大关键特征:

第一,FFC(full-fiber connection,全光联接)。光纤可以到家庭、到基站、到每一张办公桌和每一个数据中心,实现每平方公里10万级联接数覆盖,业务场景可扩展 10 倍以上,连接数提升100倍以上。

第二,EFBB(enhanced fixed broadband,增强型固定宽带),实现网络带宽能力提升十倍以上。如今家庭已经走向了10 GPON,平均带宽超过1G。

第三,GRE(guaranteed reliable experience,极致体验),实现0丢包、微秒级时延、99.999%可用率。

F5G与5G同为第五代通信网络的两大支柱。一方面,F5G是5G回传网络的重要承载技术;另一方面,F5G往往面向家庭、企业、工厂、医院等室内或固定场景,而5G一般适用于室外或移动场景,两者在应用领域上重合、在应用场景上互补,具备与千行百业融合发展的机会。据分析,智慧家庭、智慧园区、全光数据中心、全光城市四大应用将最早体现F5G价值。

F5G的国内外发展格局

发达国家早已认识到F5G的战略价值,纷纷发布了战略性文件或规划,加大推进力度,如“千兆德国”计划、日本“i-Japan”战略、新加坡“智慧国”计划等。

F5G与5G协同发展也已成为我国政府、行业共识,2019年,工信部、国资委明确提出开展“双G双提”,推动固定宽带和移动宽带双双迈入千兆(G比特)时代;今年5月7日,上海市政府公布《上海市推进新型基础设施建设行动方案(2020-2022年)》,强调高水平建设5G和固网“双千兆”宽带网络。

我国三大运营商也在大力发展千兆光纤宽带。战略上,中国电信推出“5G+光网+云”的信息通信技术优势解决法案,中国移动发布“双千计划”,中国联通宣布“1+4+X” 智慧家庭业务战略;行动上,运营商也早已纷纷重点布局10GPON和WiFi6的升级。

2020年伊始,中国联通便完成了近年来规模最大的PON设备集采,全部为10G PON。近期,中国电信公告将采购天翼网关4.0(1G-PON)无WiFi、双频WiFi4&5、双频WiFi6等产品总计2746.8万台。其中要求支持双频WiFi6功能的产品达1432.6万台,占比超过52%。这也是国内首次大规模集采WiFi6产品。

F5G背后的产业机遇

根据中国社科院预计,2019-2025年间,F5G每年直接创造的经济增加值达到1026.88亿元,创造间接经济价值2223.03亿元。固定网络正迎来高速发展的新时期。

作为一个涉及多方技术的复杂体系,F5G的大规模建设和部署也将带动整个产业链上下游的发展,VR/AR的应用,4K/8K高清电视的普及,远程医疗业务的发展都可以在F5G中获得机遇。据中信证券预测,F5G将产生和5G同等规模的价值市场。

比如在家庭网络中,千兆网络的部署使得网络将从光纤到户FTTH 转变为光纤到屋 FTTR,光纤需要铺设至每一个房间,这将极大带动家庭网关和路由终端的需求。假设一年改造1亿家庭,每家平均改造1个家庭网关和3个WiFi路由终端,每年将带来约1200亿的市场空间。而在校园、医院、酒店、写字楼、企业园区等场景中,至少需要升级2000万套全光网络,从而带动6000亿人民币的市场空间。

在F5G基础设施端,权威机构预测会出现每年2000亿人民币左右的规模增长。伴随应用端的发展,新一代的光模块技术、硅光技术、全光网络都会迎来机遇。

F5G的光纤网络包括光接入、光传送两大类领域,以及器件、光模块、芯片、操作系统等相关领域。我国具备完整的光纤网络产业链,包括中低端产品及部分高端产品的设计和生产制造能力,但底层芯片仍有巨大的国产替代空间,包括交换机芯片、路由器芯片、100G光芯片,10GPON芯片,WiFi6芯片等。

光猫芯片、WiFi 6路由器芯片厂商芯河半导体,WiFi 6芯片厂商速通半导体、爱科微,光模块芯片厂商飞昂创新、陕西源杰等将迎来利好。

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